The main goal in asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain asthma control. The first major group of anti-asthma drugs (controllers) consists of inhaled (iCS) and systemic glucocorticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, long acting inhaled β2-agonists (LABA). Rapid acting inhaled β2-agonists and aniticholinergics belong to the second therapeutic – relievers. Introduction to the treatment of preparations combining iCS and LABA in one inhaler increased treatment effectiveness by improving compliance especially in regard to iCS as well as by creating new treatment regimens – for example SMART. Despite this there are still indication for iCS monotherapy. In accordance with current GINA guidelines intermittent and mild chronic asthma are among them (1 and 2 steps in GINA 2006). ICS monotherapy plays an important role in children asthma (especially in children younger than 5 years). In these patients combination treatment is not advised due to a different pathophysiology of children asthma as well as a less favorable safety profile of LABA in children. Another important indication for using inhalers containing only iCS is iCS dose supplementation in order to achieve asthma control in patients on combination therapy, especially with salmeterol containing preparation. Summarizing: the introduction of combination therapy for asthma does not eliminate iCS monotherapy. Every case should be approached individually and the physician has to decide which therapeutic regimen would be the most appropriate for the patient.