Pruritus as a troublesome symptom is one of the indicators relative to a cancer diagnosis both in solid tumours and hematological disorders. According to that fact it is so-called paraneoplastic syndrome marker showing with different incidence and different probability the presence of various kind malignancies. It also may precede the clinical outcome of the disease by as long several weeks or even years. The pathogenesis is complex and is not fully understood although there is evidence of involvement of a number of mediators from which treatment options are developing. Taking into consideration the possibility of the presence of the malignant disease every pruritic patient especially without skin manifestations should be directed at determining systemic causes. For the suspicion of the systemic disease the pruritus as the first symptom may be present for solid tumours (those of internal organs: brain tumours, lung cancer, stomach cancer) and hematological disorders (Hodgkin lymphoma, mycosis fungoides).